The complete cooking & baking converter
This free cooking converter turns recipe measurements between cups, grams, ounces, tablespoons, millilitres and more — and unlike a generic calculator it is ingredient-aware, using real densities so one cup of flour correctly becomes 120 grams while one cup of honey becomes 340 grams. It also scales recipes by servings, converts oven temperatures and pan sizes, suggests substitutions, estimates nutrition and cost, and includes a kitchen timer — all in your browser.
Ingredient-aware
Cups ↔ grams using real densities for 24 ingredients — flour, sugar, butter, honey and more.
Recipe scaler
Scale any recipe by servings, with batch presets for 10, 50, 100 and 500.
Pan converter
Adjust ingredient amounts when you change pan size, scaled correctly by area.
Oven, air fryer & Instant Pot
Convert °C ↔ °F ↔ gas mark, and adapt oven recipes to an air fryer or pressure cooker.
Substitutions
A searchable guide of common ingredient swaps when you run out.
Nutrition & cost
Estimate calories and macros by weight, and calculate recipe and per-serving cost.
Quick answers
How many grams are in one cup of flour?
1 cup of all-purpose flour = 120 grams.
How many tablespoons are in one cup?
1 cup = 16 tablespoons.
How many teaspoons are in one tablespoon?
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons.
How many grams are in one cup of sugar?
1 cup of granulated sugar = 200 grams.
How many grams are in one cup of butter?
1 cup of butter = 227 grams (2 sticks).
What is 180°C in Fahrenheit and gas mark?
180°C = 356°F = gas mark 4.
How many millilitres are in one cup?
1 US cup = about 237 millilitres.
How many cups are in one gallon?
1 gallon = 16 cups.
Ingredient weight chart
Standard baking weights per US cup, tablespoon and teaspoon.
| Ingredient | 1 cup | 1 tbsp | 1 tsp |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-Purpose Flour | 120 g | 7.5 g | 2.5 g |
| Bread Flour | 127 g | 7.938 g | 2.646 g |
| Cake Flour | 114 g | 7.125 g | 2.375 g |
| Whole Wheat Flour | 120 g | 7.5 g | 2.5 g |
| Almond Flour | 96 g | 6 g | 2 g |
| Coconut Flour | 112 g | 7 g | 2.333 g |
| Cornstarch | 120 g | 7.5 g | 2.5 g |
| Granulated Sugar | 200 g | 12.5 g | 4.167 g |
| Brown Sugar (packed) | 220 g | 13.75 g | 4.583 g |
| Powdered Sugar | 120 g | 7.5 g | 2.5 g |
| Butter | 227 g | 14.188 g | 4.729 g |
| Olive Oil | 216 g | 13.5 g | 4.5 g |
| Vegetable Oil | 218 g | 13.625 g | 4.542 g |
| Milk | 240 g | 15 g | 5 g |
| Yogurt | 245 g | 15.313 g | 5.104 g |
| Heavy Cream | 238 g | 14.875 g | 4.958 g |
| Honey | 340 g | 21.25 g | 7.083 g |
| Maple Syrup | 322 g | 20.125 g | 6.708 g |
| Cocoa Powder | 85 g | 5.313 g | 1.771 g |
| Rice (uncooked) | 185 g | 11.563 g | 3.854 g |
| Rolled Oats | 90 g | 5.625 g | 1.875 g |
| Table Salt | 288 g | 18 g | 6 g |
| Chocolate Chips | 170 g | 10.625 g | 3.542 g |
Understanding cooking measurements
What is a cup measurement?
A cup is a unit of volume used in cooking, equal to about 236.6 millilitres in the US customary system (250 ml in the UK metric system). Because it measures space rather than mass, the weight of "one cup" depends entirely on the ingredient — a cup of flour and a cup of honey weigh very different amounts.
Why does ingredient density matter?
Density is how much an ingredient weighs for a given volume. Recipes that list cups rely on density to translate to weight: light, airy flour is about 120 grams per cup, while dense honey is about 340 grams per cup. Converting volume to weight accurately is impossible without knowing the ingredient, which is why this tool uses an ingredient database.
Cups versus grams: which is better?
Grams are more accurate and consistent because they measure mass directly and are not affected by how tightly an ingredient is packed. A cup of flour can vary by 20% depending on scooping technique. For baking especially, professionals weigh ingredients in grams; cups remain popular for everyday home cooking and quick recipes.
Metric versus imperial cooking measurements
Metric recipes use grams, millilitres and degrees Celsius; imperial/US recipes use cups, ounces, pounds and degrees Fahrenheit (or gas marks in the UK). International recipes mix these freely, so a reliable converter is essential — this tool moves between all of them, using ingredient density where volume meets weight.
Baking by weight versus by volume
Volume measuring (cups and spoons) is fast and needs no equipment, but it is imprecise for dry goods. Weight measuring with a kitchen scale is precise and repeatable, eliminating the variability of packing and settling. Serious bakers weigh flour, sugar and butter in grams for consistent rise and texture.
Why professional bakers use grams
In professional kitchens, recipes are written as weights — often as baker’s percentages relative to flour — so they scale perfectly from a single loaf to hundreds. Weighing removes human error, speeds up prep, and guarantees that every batch is identical, which volume measuring simply cannot match.
Accuracy & standards
Unit-to-unit conversions are mathematically exact. Ingredient weights use standard published baking densities based on a US customary cup (236.6 ml), so common pairings like 1 cup flour = 120 g and 1 cup sugar = 200 g match how recipes are written. Real ingredients vary slightly with brand, humidity and how they are packed — for the most reliable baking, weigh in grams. Nutrition figures are approximate per-100-gram values for guidance.
Frequently asked questions
How many grams are in a cup of flour?
One US cup of all-purpose flour weighs about 120 grams. Because flour is light and airy, this differs from denser ingredients — one cup of sugar is about 200 grams and one cup of butter is about 227 grams.
How many tablespoons are in a cup?
There are 16 tablespoons in one US cup. That also means 1 cup = 48 teaspoons, since each tablespoon holds 3 teaspoons.
How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?
There are exactly 3 teaspoons in 1 tablespoon. So 1/3 tablespoon equals 1 teaspoon.
Why does flour weigh differently than sugar?
Different ingredients have different densities — how much mass fits in a given volume. Flour is light and full of air (≈120 g/cup) while granulated sugar packs more tightly (≈200 g/cup), so the same cup measure gives very different weights.
What is the difference between volume and weight in cooking?
Volume measures how much space an ingredient takes up (cups, tablespoons, millilitres). Weight measures how heavy it is (grams, ounces). Converting between them requires the ingredient’s density, which this tool handles automatically.
Why do professional bakers use grams?
Weighing in grams is far more accurate and repeatable than scooping cups, because a "cup" of flour can vary by 20% depending on how it is packed. Gram measurements remove that guesswork, giving consistent results every time.
Is a US cup the same as a UK cup?
No. A US customary cup is about 236.6 ml, while a UK/Commonwealth metric cup is 250 ml. This converter uses the US cup. Always check which standard a recipe uses.
How accurate is this cooking converter?
Unit-to-unit conversions are mathematically exact. Ingredient weight conversions use standard published baking densities (for example flour ≈120 g/cup), which match how recipes are written. Real ingredients vary slightly with humidity, brand and packing.
Can I enter fractions like 1/2 or 1 3/4?
Yes. You can type fractions (1/2, 3/4), mixed numbers (1 1/2, 2 1/4) or decimals (0.25, 1.75). The converter parses them all and can display results as friendly fractions too.
How do I convert cups to grams for a specific ingredient?
Choose the ingredient (flour, sugar, butter, honey and more), set the "from" unit to cups and the "to" unit to grams, then type your amount. The converter uses that ingredient’s density for an accurate weight.
How do I scale a recipe up or down?
Use the Recipe Scaler: enter the original number of servings and the number you want, list the ingredients, and every amount is multiplied by the scale factor automatically. You can also use batch presets for 10, 50, 100 or 500 servings.
How do I convert an oven temperature to gas mark?
Use the Oven module. For example, 180°C equals 356°F and gas mark 4; 200°C equals 400°F and gas mark 6. The tool converts between Celsius, Fahrenheit and gas mark instantly.
How do I convert an oven recipe for an air fryer?
As a rule of thumb, lower the oven temperature by about 25°F (15°C) and reduce the cooking time by around 20%, then check for doneness early. The Air Fryer module does this calculation for you.
How do I adjust a recipe for a different pan size?
Recipes scale by pan area, not diameter. Moving from an 8-inch to a 10-inch round pan increases the area by about 1.56×, so multiply ingredient amounts by roughly 1.5. The Pan Converter computes the exact factor.
How many grams is one stick of butter?
One US stick of butter is 1/2 cup, which weighs about 113 grams (4 ounces). A full cup of butter is two sticks, about 227 grams.
How many millilitres are in a cup?
One US cup is about 237 millilitres (236.6 ml). A tablespoon is about 15 ml and a teaspoon about 5 ml.
How many grams of sugar are in a cup?
One cup of granulated sugar weighs about 200 grams. Packed brown sugar is heavier at about 220 grams per cup, and powdered (icing) sugar is lighter at about 120 grams per cup.
What is the difference between fluid ounces and ounces?
A fluid ounce measures volume (about 29.6 ml) while an ounce measures weight (about 28.35 g). They are only equal for water; for other ingredients you need the density to convert.
How do I measure flour correctly?
For volume, spoon flour into the cup and level it off — do not scoop, which compacts it and adds up to 20% more. For best accuracy, weigh it: 1 cup of all-purpose flour is about 120 grams.
Can I save my favorite conversions and ingredients?
Yes. Star any conversion or ingredient to pin it to your Favorites, and your recent conversions are kept in history — all stored locally in your browser, never uploaded.
Does this work for both metric and imperial recipes?
Yes. It freely converts between metric (grams, millilitres, Celsius) and imperial/US units (cups, ounces, Fahrenheit, gas mark), which is ideal for using international recipes.
How many cups are in a pound of flour?
One pound of all-purpose flour is about 3.6 cups (since 1 pound ≈ 454 g and 1 cup ≈ 120 g). For sugar it is about 2.25 cups per pound.
Is this cooking converter free?
Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Everything runs in your browser, so it is private and even works offline once loaded.
Can I export or print my conversions?
Yes. You can copy results, print them, and download as TXT, CSV or PDF — handy for shopping lists, scaled recipes and kitchen reference.
How many grams are in a tablespoon of butter?
One tablespoon of butter is about 14 grams (1/2 ounce). Eight tablespoons make one stick (½ cup, ≈113 g).
Why are baking measurements more important than cooking?
Baking is chemistry — the ratio of flour, fat, sugar and leavening determines texture and rise, so small errors show up. Weighing ingredients in grams gives the precision that reliable baking needs.
What is a cup of liquid versus a cup of dry ingredients?
A cup is the same volume either way (≈237 ml). The difference is technique: liquids are read at eye level in a clear measuring cup, while dry ingredients are spooned and levelled in a dry measuring cup.
How do I convert grams to calories for an ingredient?
Use the Nutrition module: pick an ingredient and enter the weight in grams, and it estimates calories plus protein, carbs and fat from per-100-gram values. These are approximations for guidance.
How many teaspoons of salt are in a tablespoon?
There are 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon for any ingredient, including salt. By weight, a tablespoon of table salt is about 18 grams and a teaspoon about 6 grams.
What can I substitute for buttermilk?
Stir 1 tablespoon of lemon juice or white vinegar into 1 cup of milk and let it stand for 5 minutes. The Substitutions module lists many more common swaps.
How do I convert a conventional cooking time to an Instant Pot?
Pressure cooking is much faster — often about one third of the conventional time — but it varies by food. The Instant Pot module gives a rough estimate plus a reference table for common foods.
Does humidity affect ingredient weights?
Slightly. Flour and sugar absorb moisture, so a cup can weigh a little more in humid conditions. This is one more reason bakers prefer weighing, but the standard densities used here are accurate for everyday recipes.
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